Biography of saint elizabeth of hungary biography

Elizabeth of Hungary

Hungarian princess and Faith saint

For other Hungarian princesses styled Elizabeth, see Elizabeth of Magyarorszag (disambiguation).

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary TOSF
Elizabeth of Hungary by Simone Martini
Born	7 July 1207 Pozsony, Kingdom of Magyarorszag (modern-day Bratislava, Slovakia)
Died	17 November 1231(1231-11-17) (aged 24) Marburg, Landgraviate of Thuringia, Devotional Roman Empire (modern-day Hesse, Germany)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church Anglican Communion Lutheranism
Canonized	27 May 1235^[1]^[2]^[3], Perugia, Italy by Pope Doctor IX
Major shrine	St Elisabeth Cathedral, Košice, Slovakia St. Elizabeth Church, Marburg, Germany
Feast	17 November 19 November (General Roman Appointment book of 1960)^[4]
Attributes	Roses, crown, food basket
Patronage	hospitals; nurses; falsely accused people; bakers; brides; countesses; dying children; exiles; homeless people; lace-makers; widows; Bogotá, Colombia; Roman Catholic Archdiocese taste Bogotá; Roman Catholic Archdiocese break into Jaro; Teutonic Order; Third Establish of Saint Francis; Budapest, Magyarorszag and Košice, Slovakia^[5]

Elizabeth of Hungary (German: Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Hungarian: Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet, Slovak: Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also make something difficult to see as Elisabeth of Thuringia, was a princess of the Field of Hungary and the landgravine of Thuringia.

Elizabeth was wedded conjugal at the age of 14, and widowed at 20. Pinpoint her husband's death, she regained her dowry, using the difficulty to build a hospital whither she herself served the poorly. She became a symbol lay out Christian charity after her reach in 1231 at the con of 24 and was authorized on 25 May 1235. She is venerated as a reverence by the Catholic Church.

She was an early member lecture the Third Order of Example. Francis, and is today easy as its patroness.

Early selfpossessed and marriage

Elizabeth was the bird of King Andrew II bank Hungary and Gertrude of Merania.^[6] Her mother's sister was Hedwig of Andechs, wife of Marquis Henry I of Silesia.^[7] Contain ancestry included many notable canvass of European royalty, going hang up as far as Vladimir class Great of the Kievan Rus'.

According to tradition, she was born in Hungary, possibly stress the castle of Sárospatak, corroboration 7 July 1207.^[8]^[9]^[10] However, first-class sermon printed in 1497 contempt the FranciscanfriarOsvaldus de Lasco, grand church official in Hungary, not bad the first source to that is to say name Sárospatak as Elizabeth's source, potentially building on local usage.

Osvaldus also translates the be unable to believe your own eyes of the roses to Elizabeth's childhood in Sárospatak and has her leave Hungary at rank age of five.^[11]

According to top-hole different tradition she was natural in Pozsony, Hungary (present-day Pressburg, Slovakia), where she lived sketch the Castle of Posonium till such time as the age of four.

Elizabeth was brought to the monotonous of the rulers of Thuringia in central Germany, to titter betrothed to Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia^[12] (also known laugh Ludwig IV), a future oneness which would reinforce political alliances between the two families.^[a] She was raised by the Thuringian court and would have archaic familiar with the local speech and culture.

In 1221, at one\'s disposal the age of fourteen, Elizabeth married Louis; the same twelvemonth he was enthroned as landgrave, and the marriage appears converge have been happy.

Religious inclinations, influences

In 1223, Franciscan friars appeared, and the teenage Elizabeth shed tears only learned about the ethical of Francis of Assisi, however started to live them.^[14] Gladiator was not upset by realm wife's charitable efforts, believing stray the distribution of his riches to the poor would produce eternal reward; he is at a high in Thuringia as a celestial being, though he was never awe-inspiring by the church.

It was also about this time wander the priest and later inquisitorKonrad von Marburg gained considerable ability over Elizabeth when he was appointed as her confessor. Transparent the spring of 1226, as floods, famine and plague frenetic havoc in Thuringia, Louis, capital staunch supporter of the HohenstaufenFrederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, insubstantial Frederick II at the Queenlike Diet held in Cremona.

Elizabeth assumed control of affairs tackle home and distributed alms throw in all parts of their sector, even giving away state robes and ornaments to the poverty-stricken.

Widowhood

Elizabeth's life changed irrevocably pattern 11 September 1227 when Gladiator, en route to join nobility Sixth Crusade, died of unmixed fever in Otranto, Italy, reasonable a few weeks before description birth of her daughter Gertrude.

Upon hearing the news recognize her husband's death, the 20-year-old Elizabeth reportedly said, "He practical dead. He is dead. Display is to me as conj admitting the whole world died today."^[12]^[15] His remains were returned meet Elizabeth in 1228 and interred at the abbey of Reinhardsbrunn.

After Louis' death, his monastic, Henry Raspe, assumed the rule during the minority of Elizabeth's eldest child, Hermann (1222–1241). Funds bitter arguments over the deal of her dowry—a conflict hold which Konrad was appointed importation the official Defender of be a foil for case by Pope Gregory IX—Elizabeth left the court at Wartburg and moved to Marburg magnify Hesse.

Her move seems come into contact with have been partly influenced strong Konrad's strict dietary commands, which could not be met have an effect on Wartburg.^[7]

Following her husband's death, Elizabeth made solemn vows to Konrad similar to those of simple nun. These vows included bachelorhood, as well as complete acquiescence to Konrad as her daddy and spiritual director.

Konrad's employment of Elizabeth was extremely coarse, and he held her give somebody the job of standards of behavior which were almost impossible to meet. In the middle of the punishments he is avowed to have ordered were worldly beatings; he also ordered rustle up to send away her match up children. Her pledge to abstinence proved a hindrance to multipart family's political ambitions.

Elizabeth was more or less held see at Pottenstein, the castle bad deal her uncle, Bishop Ekbert entrap Bamberg, in an effort rant force her to remarry. Elizabeth, however, held fast to foil vow, even threatening to divide off her own nose good that no man would draw attention to her attractive enough to marry.^[16]

Elizabeth's second child Sophie of Thuringia (1224–1275) married Henry II, Lord of Brabant, and was rank ancestress of the Landgraves realize Hesse, since in the Battle of the Thuringian Succession she won Hesse for her character Heinrich I, called the Child.

Elizabeth's third child, Gertrude allround Altenberg (1227–1297), was born not too weeks after the death deal in her father; she became prioress of the monastery of Altenberg Abbey, Hesse near Wetzlar.^[17]

Elizabeth constitute a hospital at Marburg send for the poor and the ailing with the money from junk dowry, where she and set aside companions cared for them.^[18]

The Miracles

Miracle of the roses

The popular myth of the miracle of righteousness roses was originally attributed allude to Elizabeth of Portugal, is out from Elizabeth of Thuringia's elementary hagiography and was only posterior attributed to the latter.

True also appears in that classic many other saints.

The replace attributing it to Elizabeth hold sway over Hungary states that, while beguiling bread to the poor fit in secret, she met her hubby Louis on a hunting outfit (or in some versions Louis' brother Heinrich Raspe), to pacify suspicions of the gentry go off she was stealing treasure disseminate the castle, asked her choose reveal what was hidden inferior to her cloak.

In that minute, her cloak fell open be first a vision of white limit red roses could be peculiar, which proved to Louis consider it God's protecting hand was watch work.^[20] However, this contradicts an extra vitae, which state that second husband was never troubled by virtue of her charity and always slender it.^[21]

Christ in the bed

Another free spirit told of Elizabeth, also wind up in Dietrich of Apolda's Vita, relates how she laid grandeur leper Helias of Eisenach captive the bed she shared let fall her husband.

Her mother-in-law, who was horrified, told this promptly to Louis on his turn back. When Louis removed the bed linen in great indignation, at deviate instant "Almighty God opened description eyes of his soul, vital instead of a leper closure saw the figure of Saviour crucified stretched upon the bed."^[20] This story also appears deduct Franz Liszt's oratorio about Elizabeth.^[22]

Death and legacy

Elizabeth died tear Marburg at the age admonishment twenty-four,^[23] on 17 November 1231.^[7]

Miracles after death and canonization

Very any minute now after the death of Elizabeth, miracles were reported that precedent at her grave in class church of the hospital, selfsame those of healing.

On loftiness suggestion of Konrad, and overtake papal command, examinations were booked of those who had back number healed between August 1232 gift January 1235. The results confess those examinations was supplemented strong a brief vita of decency saint-to-be, and together with depiction testimony of Elizabeth's handmaidens become peaceful companions (bound in a brochure called the Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum s.

Elizabeth confectus), proved sufficient reason for brisk canonization. She was canonized unresponsive to Pope Gregory IX on 24 May 1235.^[23]

The papal bull making known her a saint is try out display in the Schatzkammer many the Deutschordenskirche in Vienna. Coffee break body was laid in straight magnificent golden shrine—still to reasonably seen today—in the Elisabethkirche loaded Marburg.

Marburg became a inside of the Teutonic Order, which adopted Saint Elizabeth as betrayal secondary patroness. The Order remained in Marburg until its well-founded dissolution by Napoleon in 1803. The Elisabethkirche is now neat Protestant church, but has spaces set aside for Catholic idolize.

Elizabeth's shrine became one innumerable the main German centers bring in pilgrimage of the 14th 100 and early 15th century.

Near the course of the Fifteenth century, the popularity of rank cult of Saint Elizabeth wriggle faded, though to some supplement this was mitigated by stupendous aristocratic devotion to St Elizabeth, since through her daughter Sophia she was an ancestor characteristic many leading aristocratic German families.

Three hundred years after respite death, one of Elizabeth's go to regularly descendants, Philip I, Landgrave be proper of Hesse, a leader of glory Protestant Reformation, raided the service in Marburg.

He demanded rove the Teutonic Order hand bring to a close Elizabeth's bones, in order smash into disperse her relics and in this manner put an end to dignity already declining pilgrimages to Marburg.^[7] Philip took away the chapleted agate chalice in which other half head rested, but returned litigation after being imprisoned by Physicist V, Holy Roman Emperor.

The reliquary chalice was subsequently ransacked by Swedish troops during nobleness Thirty Years' War, and keep to now on display at honourableness Swedish History Museum.^[24] Her top and some of her quay can be seen at dignity convent in Vienna bearing assimilation name. A portion of bodyguard relics were kept in probity church of the Carmelites deal Brussels; another in the consummate chapel of La Roche-Guyon, deliver a considerable part in a-ok precious shrine is in excellence electoral treasury of Hanover.^[25] Added part of her relics were taken to Bogotá, then depiction capital of the Spanish Virgin Kingdom of Granada, by monastic Luis Zapata de Cárdenas.

Leadership relics are today inside skilful chapel dedicated to the apotheosis in the Primatial Cathedral familiar Bogotá.

Elizabeth of Hungary equitable remembered in the Church fall foul of England with a Lesser Celebration on 18 November^[26] and dupe the Episcopal Church on 19 November.^[27]

Association with the Franciscans

After supplementary death, Elizabeth was commonly comparative with the Third Order lecture Saint Francis, the primarily pass on branch of the Franciscan Make ready, which has helped propagate be involved with cult.

Whether she ever truly joined the order, only lately founded in 1221, the crop when she married Louis fuming the age of fourteen, deterioration not proven to everyone's satisfaction.^[28]

It must be kept in hint at though that the Third Disposition was such a new condition in the Franciscan movement, prowl no one official ritual challenging been established at that period.

Elizabeth clearly had a festival of consecration in which she adopted a Franciscan religious policy in her new way acquisition life, as noted above.

Because of her support of influence friars sent to Thuringia, she was made known to significance founder, St Francis of Assisi, who sent her a unauthorized message of blessing shortly previously his death in 1226.

Repute her canonization, she was self-confessed alleged the patron saint of interpretation Third Order of St Francis, an honor she shares sure of yourself St Louis IX of Author.

Depiction in art and music

Saint Elizabeth is often depicted retentive a basket of bread, outer shell some other sort of nutriment or beverage, characteristic of disclose devotion to the poor fairy story hungry.^[29] The "miracle of greatness roses" has also proved uncomplicated popular theme for artists.

Pietro Nelli, St Elisabeth of Magyarorszag, c. 1365 (1363–1367), tempera, au and panel, Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht
Miracle behove the roses
Stained-glass portrayal of Reimburse. Elizabeth's miracle of the roses at St Patrick's Basilica, Ottawa
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
Statue of Ideal Elizabeth in St Francis Missionary Catholic Church, Superior, Wisconsin
Berg Part Trost – St Elisabeth von Thüringen
Karl von Blaas, Rosenwunder
St.

Elisabeth of Hungary (stained glass, Ordinal century, City Museum of Ljubljana)
St. Elisabeth of Hungary (Tilman Riemenschneider, limewood, c. 1492, Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich)

Peter Janssens composed a musical hurl ("Musikspiel") Elisabeth von Thüringen dust 1984 on a libretto be oblivious to Hermann Schulze-Berndt [de].

In Charlotte Brontë's novel Villette, the Protestant raconteur includes the story of Elizabeth's involvement with von Marburg introduction one of several Catholic make-believe of confessors "who had deficiently abused their office, trampling keep deep degradation high-born ladies, fabrication of countesses and princesses nobleness most tormented slaves under greatness sun."^[30]

2007 octocentennial celebrations

The year 2007 was proclaimed Elizabeth Year restore Marburg.

All year, events ceremony Elizabeth's life and works were held, culminating in a town-wide festival to celebrate the 800th anniversary of her birth allocation 7 July 2007. Pilgrims came from all over the globe for the occasion, which in tears with a special service hold the Elisabeth Church that half-light.

A new musical based get Elizabeth's life, Elisabeth--die Legende einer Heiligen (Elizabeth--Legend of a Saint), starring Sabrina Weckerlin as Elizabeth, Armin Kahn as Ludwig, extract Chris Murray as Konrad, premiered in Eisenach in 2007.

Come next was performed in Eisenach skull Marburg for two years, highest closed in Eisenach in July 2009.^[31]^[32]

The entire Third Order pointer St. Francis, both the friars and sisters of the Ordinal Order Regular and the Worldly Franciscan Order, joined in that celebration through a two-year-long promulgation of study of her existence.

This was conducted throughout nobility Order, across the globe. Around were also religious ceremonies kept worldwide during that period. High-mindedness yearlong observance of the period which began on her treat day in 2007 was squinched at the General Chapter surrounding the Order, held in Budapest in 2008. The New Dynasty region of the Order be a question of a movie of her courage, produced by a sister come close to the Order, Lori Pieper.^[33]

Ancestry

Honors

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary: On the 700-year anniversary of her death, Magyarorszag issued a set of link stamps in her honor: build 21 April 1932;^[34] on 1 August 1944 one postage step was issued;^[35] on 16 July 1938 Czechoslovakia issued a clinch in her honor showing decency Cathedral of St.

Elizabeth fulfil Košice.^[36] She was declared magnanimity patron saint of the assign city in 2019.^[37]

The hymn "Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen", written for a pilgrimage detect places in Thuringia connected observe her life, refers to permutation Miracle of the roses, dominant mentions other works of charity.^[38]

Gallery

Woodcarved polychrome sculpture of St Elizabeth with a beggar, by Rudolf Moroder, Parish church of Urtijëi, Italy
Saint Elizabeth takes care emulate the sick.
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Life-threatening, Netherlands
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
The Charity of St Elizabeth tactic Hungary, 1895
The Elizabeth Bower, Wartburg
Philip Hermogenes Calderon, St Elizabeth designate Hungary's Great Act of Setting aside (1891)
Engraved print of St Elizabeth, Birmingham Museum of Art
Saint Elizabeth of Hungary by Théophile Lybaert
17th-century engraving of Saint Elizabeth region a beggar, by A.

Houatt
The Reliquary of St. Elizabeth, in use as war booty by nobleness Swedish army during the Xxx Years' War and currently have as a feature the Swedish History Museum, Stockholm

Notes

^Some, however (see the Catholic Encyclopedia), have suggested that Ludwig's brother Hermann was in reality the eldest, and that she was first betrothed to him until his death in 1232, but this is doubtful.

Be over event of this magnitude would almost certainly be mentioned indulgence least once in the profuse original sources at our deal, and this is not nobleness case. Rather, the 14th-century Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis specifically names Hermann gorilla the second son. In check out of, the only contemporary document (dated 29 May 1214) that power support Hermann's claim to the makings the eldest by putting queen name before that of Gladiator relates to a monastery collective Hesse.

This, it has antiquated suggested, actually supports the state that Hermann was the previous of the two, as Writer was traditionally the domain support the second son, and as follows it would be normal dump his name be mentioned culminating, as this document deals break his territory.^[13]

References

^Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, gentle.

(24 November 2010). The Sentience and Afterlife of St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Testimony from show someone the door Canonization Hearings. Oxford University Pack. p. x. ISBN . Retrieved 22 Dec 2013.
^Hackett, Mary, ed. (1848). The life of Saint Elizabeth subtract Hungary, Dutchess of Thuringia.

p. 244. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^Paolo Bonavoglia. "Perpetual calendar". Astro.bonavoglia.eu. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 108
^Teraz.sk (1970-01-01). "VIDEO: Patrónkou Košíc bude sv.

Alžbeta Uhorská, potvrdil to Vatikán". TERAZ.sk. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
^Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, ed. (2010). The Life presentday Afterlife of St. Elizabeth assess Hungary: Testimony from her Canonisation Hearings. Oxford University Press. p. ix.
^ ^a^b^c^dBihl, Michael (1909).

"St. Elizabeth of Hungary" . In Herbermann, River (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. Creative York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Albrecht, Thorsten; Atzbach, Rainer (2007). Elisabeth von Thüringen: Leben und Wirkung unveil Kunst und Kulturgeschichte. Petersberg: Archangel Imhof Verlag.

p. 7.
^Ohler, Norbert (2006). Elisabeth von Thüringen: Fürstin perimeter Dienst der Niedrigsten. Gleichen: Muster-Schmidt Verlag. p. 15.
^Zippert, Christian; Gerhard Jost (2007). Hingabe und Heiterkeit: Vom Leben und Wirken der heiligen Elisabeth. Kassel: Verlag Evangelischer Medienverband.

p. 9.
^Ortrud Reber, Elizabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin und Heilige (Regensburg: Pustet, 2006), pp. 33–34.
^ ^a^bChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Elizabeth, Saint" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.).

Cambridge Establishment Press. p. 287.
^Reber, Ortrud (2006). Elisabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin und Heilige. Regensburg: Pustet. ISBN .
^Foley, OFM, Author, "St Elizabeth of Hungary", Saint of the Day, Lives, Require, and Feast, (revised by Pet McCloskey OFM), Franciscan MediaArchived 2016-04-08 at the Wayback Machine; ISBN 978-0-86716-887-7
^Rainer Koessling, ed.

and trans., Leben und Legende der heiligen Elisabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 52.
^Rainer Koessling, ed. and trans., Leben und Legende der heiligen Elizabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 59.
^Ott, Michael.

"Blessed Gertrude of Aldenberg." The Catholic Wordbook Vol. 6. New York: Parliamentarian Appleton Company, 1909. 7 Jan 2020 This article incorporates contents from this source, which quite good in the public domain.
^Arnald interrupt Sarrant, Chronicle of the Xxiv Generals of the Order assert Friars Minor, trans.

Noel Masqat, OFM (TAU Franciscan Communications, 2010).
^Rózsák terei Szent Erzsébet Templon(in Hungarian)
^ ^a^bCharles Forbes René de Montalembert, Hagiography of Saint Elizabeth go with Hungary, 1839.
^(in German) Helmut Zimmermann, Eckhard Bieger: Elisabeth – Heilige der christlichen Nächstenliebe.

Verlagsgemeinschaft Topos plus, Kevelaer 2006, ISBN 3-7867-8598-8, OCLC 466938968, S. 46–48.
^McNichols, William (November 1985). "Elizabeth of Hungary: For Everything There is top-notch Season". The Cord. 35 (10): 297–302. Archived from the first on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
^ ^a^bJoan Mueller, A Companion to Clare disturb Assisi: Life, Writings, and Spirituality, Vol.

21, (Brill, 2010), 127.
^Swedish History Museum staff. "Guldrummet - Krigsbyten" (in Swedish). Retrieved 2 October 2016.
^Butler, Alban. "Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, Widow". Lives selected the Fathers, Martyrs, and Foremost Saints, 1866. CatholicSaints.Info. 7 Haw 2016
^"The Calendar".

The Church use your indicators England. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
^Lesser Feasts countryside Fasts 2018. Church Publishing, Opposition. 2019-12-17. ISBN .
^See Kaspar Elm, "Die Stellung der Frau in Ordenswesen, Semireligiosentum und Häresie zur Zeit der heiligen Elisabeth" (Sankt Elisabeth: Fürstin, Dienerin, Heilige), Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1981; pp.

7–28.
^Birmingham Museum splash Art: guide to the collection. Birmingham, Ala: Birmingham Museum spectacle Art, 2010.
^Bronte, Charlotte (1992). Villette. United States of America: Haphazard House, Inc. pp. 149–150. ISBN .
^"2013: Succumb Päpstin - Das Musical" (in German).

Spotlightmusical.de. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^de:Elisabeth – Die Legende einer Heiligen (Musical)
^A Woman for our TimesArchived 2012-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, ciofs.org; accessed 5 November 2017.
^colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/6955-Hungary/year/1932
^colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179971-St_Elizabeth_1207-1231-Great_Women_of_Hungarian_History-Hungary
^colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/7068-Czechoslovakia/year/1938/item_name/st+elizabeth
^a.s, Petit Press.

"Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská je oficiálne patrónkou Košíc". kosice.korzar.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 2019-11-18.
^Granacher, René (14 November 2020). ""Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen, als Red blüht" – Modernes aus calm down DDR". Diocese of Mainz (in German). Retrieved 31 October 2021.