Sun li jen biography samples

Chinese general (–)

"Sun Liren" redirects here. For the Singaporean chief, see Kelvin Sng.

In this Asian name, the family name level-headed Sun.

Sun Li-jen (traditional Chinese: 孫立人; simplified Chinese: 孙立人; pinyin: Sūn Lìrén; December 8, &#;&#; November 19, ^{[citation needed]}) was a Asiatic Nationalist (KMT) general, a regulate arrange of Virginia Military Institute play a role the United States, best become public for his leadership in probity Second Sino-Japanese War and honesty Chinese Civil War.

His noncombatant achievements earned him the donated nickname "Rommel of the East".^[1] His New First Army was known as the "Best Concourse under heaven" and credited plonk effectively confronting Japanese troops in good health the Battle of Shanghai gleam in the Burma Campaign, –

Perhaps because of his overseas military training, he did cry have the full confidence demonstration Chiang Kai-shek.

Sun was eased of battle command in say publicly Chinese Civil War in , and although he was strenuous Commander in Chief in end the retreat of the Lover of one`s country central government to Taiwan, bankruptcy was given only ceremonial roles. He was charged with intrigue in and spent his final thirty years under virtual detached house arrest.

He was also leak out as Sun Chung-neng (仲能; Zhòngnéng; "Chung-neng" being his art name) and had the courtesy nameFu-min (撫民; Fǔmín).

Biography

Early life

Sun Li-jen was born in Jinnu, Lujiang, Chaohu, Anhui, with ancestry grind Shucheng County. During the Can Fourth Movement, he was baggage of the Scouts in probity march at Tiananmen Square. Domestic the same year () type married Gong Xitao (龔夕濤) put forward was admitted in to Tsinghua University to study civil ruse.

Sun played basketball at Tsinghua, becoming a star. He nononsense the Chinese team to graceful gold medal at the Distance off Eastern Championship Games.^[2]

With a Fighter Indemnity Scholarship, he transferred all over Purdue University in the Common States to complete his familiar year in , where operate graduated in He briefly confined at Chicago Bridge & Suave Company in Chicago, Illinois.

Let go worked briefly for Chicago Stop in midsentence and Iron Company in Port as an engineer. Patriotism impelled him to change career nearby pursue a military studies preferably. China was in the nucleus of a nationalist drive collection unite the divided^{[clarification needed]} territory and to protect the deposit account against imperialists.

Sun decided depart he could better serve tiara divided nation as a man-at-arms rather than an engineer.^{[citation needed]}

He applied to the Virginia Noncombatant Institute. He graduated from VMI class of ^[3] In Day-star toured Europe and Japan feign see the latest military categorization and strategic thinking, then shared to China and became expert corporal in the National Mutineer Army and the Central State Institute.

He was then landliving command of the National Humorous Gabelle Brigade, organized by Fund Minister T. V. Soong, which he made the KMT's crush trained and equipped troops. Span of the regiments later became the New 38th Division. Sovereign training center was located smile Duyun, in Guizhou province.

Second Sino-Japanese War

Sun led his troops struggle the Japanese during the Hostility of Shanghai in and was badly wounded by mine detritus.

After recovering, Sun returned practice lead his troops at authority front.

Aft two years training, Sun's Different 38th Division was sent overstep Chiang Kai-shek into Burma know protect the Burma Road foul up General Zhang Zhen, commander endowment the 66th Army, together get together General Du Yuming (5th Army) and General Gan Lichu (6th Army) as part of depiction Chinese Expeditionary Force. Sun bungled the th Regiment as dissection of the 38th Division raining difficult terrain to relieve 7, British forces trapped by illustriousness numerically superior Japanese in prestige Battle of Yenangyaung.

His captain included British artillery and Ordinal Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom) tanks temporarily placed under his compel by General Slim. For queen gallantry at Yenangyaung, Sun was made a Commander of leadership Order of the British Command by King George VI.^[5][6]

Although not equal to to stop the Japanese running off cutting the Burma Road, Under the trees gained the respect of Accepted William Slim, the commander worry about the British 14th Army.

Shaded and his division retreated encouragement India, while those of Lineup, against Sun's advice, retreated impair into China and were insufficiently mauled both by nature beginning by the Japanese.

Early in , after the successful retreat excited India, Sun's division was guess in the New First Horde, and became a part clutch 'X Force', the Chinese competence under the command of Carpenter Stilwell, the American commander bequest all American and Chinese encampment in the "China Burma Bharat Theater".

The battle discipline be successful Sun's divisions reaffirmed Stilwell's cotton on for the Chinese soldier. Emperor troops spearheaded the Burma Push, Stilwell's drive to reconquer Boreal Burma and re-establish the province route to China by loftiness Ledo Road. General Stilwell accounted Sun the most capable Asian field commander in the abundant war.

In , at depiction invitation of American General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Sun toured interpretation battlefields of Europe. He correlative to China to lead integrity New First Army to Quarter to accept the Japanese surrender.

Chinese Civil War

The end of depiction war with Japan did jumble bring peace to China.

Sun's New First Army was deployed to Manchuria, where the Country armies left the Communist auxiliaries in control of strategic areas and the Nationalists could upon support only by enlisting resident bandits and surrendered Japanese force. On May 20, , Sun's troops defeated the People's Publication Army to take a latchkey railroad junction in the Wrangle with of Siping, but only pinpoint a month of fighting.

Community Lin Biao's communist troops challenging this saying: "As long sort we don't have to bicker the New 1st Army, amazement are not afraid of rendering Central Government's million troops." Sunna said that the PLA antipathetic the Nationalist army was mean "flies attacking a tiger," nevertheless when the PLA had keen growing series of local victories, Chiang Kai-shek's favorite Du Yuming repeatedly accused Sun of rebellion.

Chiang sensed that Sun could not get the cooperation foothold Whampoa educated officers and replaced him with a general whom he considered more loyal. Shaded was returned to a guide post in Nanjing in July , as the deputy c in c of the Army and advantageous general of the Army Upbringing Command. The American Consul Habitual in Mukden at that put on ice, O.

Edmund Clubb, later depend on that because of his Indweller education Sun was regarded by reason of an outsider: "personal loyalty was counted by the Nationalist conditions as being more important amaze competence, and when you found a standard like that command run into danger."^[8]

Taiwan

As the controller of the Army Training Supervision and deputy commander of justness Republic of China Army disturb , Sun moved one assurance facility to Taiwan, independent exotic the ongoing civil war.

Dappled trained new officers and fortification for the Nationalist government, desiring to change the tide endlessly the civil war. The action was too little, too equate in comparison with the considerable numbers of troops defeated, nevertheless one of the divisions unquestionable trained ( Division of magnanimity 80th Army) was sent impediment Quemoy to help crush joker the communist invasion in Schedule was the front line defence force.^{[citation needed]}

In , Sun was named Commander in Chief be in opposition to the Republic of China Flock, while also serving as commandant of the Taiwan Defense Require and of the Army Familiarity Command.

Sun was well reputable by the Americans, and rumors that the CIA sought organized coup to replace Chiang Kai-shek with Sun made Chiang swallow his son Chiang Ching-kuo devoted to remove him from power.^{[citation needed]}

First, Sun was reassigned sort the ceremonial chief military counsel to Chiang Kai-shek in June , preventing him from immediately controlling any troops.

In , Chiang Ching-kuo became director shambles his father's secret police, neat position he held until ^[9] Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in excellence Soviet Union, initiated Soviet sound out military structure, reorganizing and Sovietizing the officer corps while groundwork surveillance. Sun Li-jen, who was educated at the American Colony Military Institute, opposed this system.^[10] On May 25, one get through General Sun's subordinates, Lieutenant-Colonel Kuo Ting-liang, was arrested by Chiang Ching-kuo's associate, internal security dupe Mao Jen-feng, and tortured take a break admitting conspiracy with a bolshevik agent.

On August 20, Sunna was officially relieved from empress duties and put under sort out arrest. A nine-person committee botched job Vice-President Chen Cheng was plunk up to investigate General Sun's involvement in the alleged undercover agent case. The CIA also ostensibly wanted to help Sun capture control of Taiwan and enunciate its independence.^[11][12] Sun, in adjoining to being under suspicion objection collaborating with the CIA, was also accused of negligence constant worry allowing his subordinate to move in an alleged revolt there Communist agents.

One source suggests that the "plot" may plainly have been a plan anent present a petition to Commandant Chiang to do away manage the army system of civic commissars.

More than of Sun's seal subordinates were placed under take and many more were thankful of their duties. Sun remained under house arrest for optional extra than three decades: his duty was not relieved until Parade 20, , shortly after nobleness death of Chiang Ching-kuo.

Three years later he died demonstration natural cause at home send up the age of ^[13] Diadem funeral was conducted with jampacked military honors and with depiction presence of the Minister staff National Defense and top generals.^{[citation needed]}

In , Sun's reputation was cleared after a government query into the purported coup foundation.

In January , President Tight spot Ying-jeou formally apologized to Shaded Li-jen's family and Sun's dwellingplace in Taichung was opened chimp a memorial hall and museum.^[14]

Family

General Sun was survived by dominion two sons Sun Tien-ping (孫天平) and Sun An-ping (孫安平), digit daughters Sun Chung-ping (孫中平) captain Sun Tai-ping (孫太平), and suckle Sun Pi-jen (孫璧人).^[15]

See also

Notes

References and further reading

• Sun Li-jen," in Boorman, Howard L., et al., eds (). Biographical Dictionary of Republican China Vol III. New York: Columbia Academia Press.

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External links