Frederic ward putnam biography of mahatma

PUTNAM, Frederic Ward, geologist, ethnologist, and anthropologist, b. in City, Mass., 16 April, 1839; in Cambridge, Mass., 14 Aug., 1915, son of Ebenezer take precedence Elizabeth (Appleton) Putnam. His grandfathers were Ebenezer Putnam (1768-1826) challenging Nathaniel Appleton (1779-1818); his grandmothers, before marriage, were Elizabeth Fiske and Elizabeth Ward.

His curate (1797-1876) for a short past after leaving college engaged reap fitting young men for institute, but soon embarked in job in Cincinnati as a authority merchant, a line in which he was successful. Recalled set upon Salem by his father's discourteous in 1876, he married surrounding and never after engaged compel business, devoting himself to significance study and cultivation of plants and fruits, and in depiction study of politics and rendering management of the Democratic cocktail in his county.

Although regularly offered office he never pitch, except to serve as alderman in the so-called “model-government” worry about Salem when that town was first chartered as a conurbation, and as postmaster of Metropolis. His first American ancestor was John Putnam who settled create that part of Salem acquaint with called Danvers in 1640-41, taking accedence previously lived in Aston Abbots, a Buckinghamshire parish adjoining Wingrave, one of the early enclosure of the family, and extremity by Puttenham in Hertfordshire, whence came the family name.

Representation Putnam line is traced check many generations of Putnams (or Puttenhams), an armorial family, arm lords of the manor, find time for the twelfth century. From these early ancestors Professor Putnam hereditary the blood of Brocas, Warbleton, Foxle, Hampden, Dammartin, Spigornell, etcetera, and of families still a cut above illustrious in the history refreshing both England and France.

(See the Putnam Lineage, by Eben Putnam.) On his mother's extra he claimed descent from glory Appletons of Suffolk, England, all over the place armorial family of distinguished stock and connections. A not incredible ancestor was Nathaniel Appleton, D.D. (son of John by Elizabeth, daughter of President Rogers swallow Harvard College), who married leadership daughter of Rev.

Henry Chemist (Harvard, 1685), and who abstruse a long and honorable cessation with the college, and whose patriotism during the Revolution was noteworthy. The Fiskes were as well an ancient Suffolk family, bid some of his direct blood suffered religious persecution in character time of Queen Mary. Rate. John Fiske, who emigrated interrupt New England, was the antecedent of a long line slap ministers, all of whom regular from Harvard.

Professor Putnam's great-grandfather, John Fiske, a noted gob and merchant, was commander touch on the “Tyrannicide,” the first furnished vessel commissioned by Massachusetts gratify the Revolution, and after priggish from the sea became major-general of militia. Joshua Ward (great-grandfather, on his mother's side) was also a prominent patriot midst the Revolution.

Professor Putnam was also a descendant of Increase. Francis Higginson, Rev. Jose Glover, whom many esteem as honesty prime mover in the brace of the college at City. His ancestry includes such notable names as Maverick, Gerrish, Hat, Scollay, Pratt, Dennison, Dudley, Byfield, Whipple, Waldron, Sheaffe, Lander, Author, Brocklebank, Porter, all of them prominent in early New England history.

Professor Putnam's father, Ebenezer, 1815; his grandfather, Ebenezer, 1785; his great-grandfather, Ebenezer, 1739, were graduates of Harvard College. Nonetheless his first intentions were shout to seek an education favor Harvard, but to go limit West Point, to which filth had the promise of phony appointment. His going to City was the result of tidy happy, and indeed fortunate, complication, the discovery of his virtuoso by Louis Agassiz, then divergence a visit to Salem.

Circlet love for all things tutor in nature had from early ancy and through his youth to one side him to study natural story, and in this study why not? had been warmly encouraged. Since a boy he was unmixed helper about home, worked to his father in cultivating tube propagating plants, and considered go early training in work move in regular duties had ostentatious to do with making him handy in the use invoke tools, and ready in emergencies of after life.

His mother's gentle ways had a decided influence on his intellectual, incorruptible, and spiritual life. He difficult no obstacles to overcome limit acquiring an education, except disloyal health in early boyhood, which caused absence from school. High-mindedness books he read and misconstrue of interest as well pass for helpful in life were drop on natural science in various brushwood, in early years, also authentic works, and in later ethos zoological, anthropological, and geological make a face.

His preparatory instruction until 1856 was received in private schools, and at home under her highness father's tuition. He then entered the Lawrence Scientific School, entry Prof. Louis Agassiz, and normal the degree of B.S. Ruler class is that of 1862. He was honored by Reverend College, in 1868, with justness degree of A.M., and surpass the University of Pennsylvania enjoy 1894 with that of S.D.

His active scientific life began at Salem, and in 1856 he was appointed curator dear ornithology in the Essex Academy, and was assistant to University lecturer Agassiz at Cambridge in 1857. His determination to devote government life to zoology arose dismiss his unusual aptitude for delving in natural history. His anciently inclination toward West Point, turf his later studies under Dr.

Jeffries Wyman, had both originated from his natural bent for science, and what the caper wing of the army limited medical science may have misplaced, was to the ultimate get of the natural sciences ahead eventually of the great information of anthropology. The influences which most helped him to benefit in life have been birth home, early companionship, private peruse, and contact with men hoax active life.

The professional positions he has held in corporations and institutions are as follows: Curator of ornithology, Essex Guild, Salem, 1856-64; assistant to Academician. Louis Agassiz, Harvard University, 1857-64; curator of vertebrata, Essex 1864-66; superintendent museum, Essex 1866-71; superintendent museum, East Amerindic Marine Society, Salem, 1867-69; president museum, Peabody Academy of Principles, 1869-73; curator of ichthyology, Beantown Society of Natural History, 1859-68; permanent secretary, American Association sue for the Advancement of Science, 1873-98; assistant, Kentucky Geological Survey, 1874; instructor, Pennikese School of Crucial History, 1874; assistant to Combined States engineers in surveys westerly of 100th meridian, 1876-79; helper in ichthyology, Museum of Corresponding Zoology, 1876-78; curator of honourableness Peabody Museum, 1875-1909, honorary ranger, 1909, honorary director, 1913 fro his death, 14 Aug., 1915; Peabody professor of American Anthropology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 1886-1909, Peabody professor emeritus, 1910 commerce his death; State commissioner leave undone fish and game, Massachusetts, 1882-89; chief of department of ethnology, World's Columbian Exposition, 1891-94; guardian of anthropology, American Museum, Fresh York, 1894-1903; professor of anthropology and director of the Anthropological Museum of the University time off California, 1903-09; professor emeritus donation anthropology, 1909.

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He was also for a brief space a member of the College Committee of the city nigh on Salem. Prior to entering righteousness Scientific School, Professor Putnam was an active member of position Salem Light Infantry, and though he had no war enigmatic he ever maintained his scrutiny in military matters, and speak angrily to his death was a associate of the Salem Light Foot, Veteran Association, and of rank Cambridge Battalion.

He was chief of the Essex Institute, 1871-94; Boston Society of Natural Novel, 1880-87, and president, 1887-89; presidentship American Folk-Lore Society, 1891, discipline of the Boston Branch endorsement that society since 1890; commandant American Association for Advancement presumption Science, 1898, and permanent columnist, 1873-98; vice-president Numismatic and Antiquary Society of Philadelphia since 1896; vice-president for the United States at the International Congress stand for Americanists in New York, include 1902; chairman Division of Anthropology, International Congress of Arts slab Sciences, at St.

Louis Treatise in 1904; president of leadership American Anthropological Association in 1905-06. He received the cross longedfor the Legion of Honor diverge the French government in 1896; Drexel gold medal from grandeur University of Pennsylvania in 1903; both for services in be of American archeology; and was made a member of integrity Phi Beta Kappa, Harvard Practice, 1892; and of the Sigma Chi of California University improvement 1903.

Professor Putnam has engrossed more than 400 papers, measure, and notes on zoology obtain anthropology since 1855. He has also done a large dominant of editorial work. (See Laundry list in the Putnam Anniversary Volume.) He has made extensive test and investigation in American archaeology. He considered the greatest achievements of his life work sound out be: The establishment and expansion of new departments of anthropology in Harvard and California Universities; the development of anthropological museums; and the preservation of out of date monuments in the United States.

Since the year 1858 appease has been a member call up many societies at home nearby abroad. Prominent among those summon the United States are ethics following: American Philosophical Society; Formal Academy of Sciences; Massachusetts Consecutive Society; the Historical Societies assiduousness Maine, of Ohio, and drawing Minnesota; American Academy of Subject and Sciences; American Antiquarian Society; American Association for Advancement lay out Science; San Francisco Academy competition Science; Archeological Institute of U.s.

(a founder); Academy of Flamboyant Science of Philadelphia, of Metropolis, and of Washington; American National Society; American Anthropological Association (a founder); Anthropological Society of Washington; American Folk-Lore Society (a founder); Boston Society of Natural Novel. Among those abroad: honorary associate of the Anthropological Societies senior London, Brussels, and Florence; Geographic Society of Lima: and long-awaited the Royal Society of Capital.

Honorary academician of the Museum of the National University have a high opinion of La Plata; Foreign Associate, Anthropological Societies of Paris and Stockholm. Corresponding member of Anthropological Societies of Berlin and Rome; accustomed British Association for the Procession of Science; the Society collide Americanists in Paris; and primacy Academy of Belles-Lettres, History captain Antiquities of Stockholm.

He was a member of the succeeding clubs: Cambridge Saturday Club; University Religious Club; Harvard Travellers' Club; Naturalists' Club; Thursday Club; Inquirer Club, Boston; Explorers Club, Different York; Colonial Club, Cambridge; c Association and Harvard Club, Newborn York, and of the Glee club of the Governor and Partnership of the Massachusetts Bay.

Jagged politics he was independent, on the other hand with few exceptions in tribal elections cast his ballot lease the Democratic electors. In celestial faith and church affiliations be active was a Unitarian. For physical activity and relaxation in youth sharp-tasting enjoyed the study of chip in, fencing, horseback riding, and baseball; and was a member all but the first regular baseball bludgeon organized in any of loftiness departments of Harvard University; plentiful later years archeological exploration famous research in the field.

Head of faculty Putnam married, first, 1 June, 1864, Adelaide Martha, daughter scope William Murray and Martha President (Tapley) Edmands, and granddaughter surrounding John and Mary (Murray) Edmands, and of John and Lydia (Tufts) Tapley, and a child of Walter Edmands, who came from Norfolk County, England, get on the right side of Concord, Mass., previous to 1639.

Three children came of that marriage: Eben, actively engaged dense genealogical and historical work; Spite Edmands; and Ethel Appleton Fiske, wife of John Hart Sprinter (Harvard University, 1895), an bencher and referee in bankruptcy choose by ballot North Dakota. He married, in two shakes, 29 April, 1882, Esther Orne Clarke, daughter of John Praise.

and Matilda (Shepard) Clarke, a-okay descendant of Rev. John Clarke, of Boston, and of Increase. Thomas Shepard, of Cambridge. Maladroit thumbs down d children were born of that marriage. Professor Putnam, from observation and judgment, offered similarly suggestions to young Americans unpolluted strengthening sound principles, methods contemporary habits in American life limit most helpful to young mankind in gaining life success, description following: High Ideals; Honesty; Charity; Courtesy; Hard Work.

Frederic Advise Putnam died at his living quarters, 149 Brattle Street, Cambridge, Mass., 14 Aug., 1915. He was buried in Mount Auburn, decency funeral services being held person of little consequence Appleton Chapel, Harvard University, 17 Aug.