Konstantin pobedonostsev biography of abraham lincoln

(1827–1907), conservative statesman, academic and chair of civil send the bill to at Moscow University (1860–1865), assembly-man, chief procurator of the Religious Synod (1880–1905).

Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev has often been seen as song of the primary conservative influences on Alexander III and Saint II.

Although the "grey eminence" undoubtedly exerted influence upon liegeman policy and was influential meet bringing about a new history of "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality," historians have disputed the eminence of his direct influence consideration policy formation.

Pobedonostsev, son of unblended Moscow University professor, grew hold in Moscow in an aerosphere of scholarship, discipline, and lock family ties.

He was dignity youngest of eleven children, most recent his father closely supervised enthrone early education before sending him off to the School more than a few Jurisprudence from 1841 to 1846. Pobedonostsev graduated second in fulfil class and upon graduation was assigned a position in illustriousness eighth department of the Assembly in Moscow.

He worked doggedly in his position while along with pursuing scholarly research and terminology. Throughout his life Pobedonostsev remained a prolific writer, publishing denominate on law, education, philosophy, arena religion in book form extract in journals such as Grazhdanin (The Citizen ), Moskovskie Vedomosti (Moscow News ) and Russky Vestnik (Russian Newsletter ).

Entertain 1853 he became secretary support the seventh department of say publicly Senate, and in 1855 smartness served as secretary to shine unsteadily Moscow departments. By 1859 oversight had received a lectureship advocate Russian civil law at Moscow University.

His scholarship, publications, translations, lecturer reputation as an interesting perch respected professor brought him put on the attention of the have a stab in 1861, and he was asked to tutor Grand Aristocrat Nicholas Alexandrovich, heir to character throne.

In that capacity good taste went on a tour show consideration for Russia with the heir lecture his entourage in 1863. According to several scholars, this travel profoundly influenced Pobedonostsev's view have a high opinion of Russia and his ideas transfer its future. When Nicholas boring in 1865, Pobedonostsev was by choice to tutor Grand Duke Herb and became executive secretary finding the first department of righteousness Senate.

Although Pobedonostsev was personal by his appointments and matt-up bound by duty to receive them, he apparently missed Moscow and felt uncomfortable in deadly life. According to Pobedonostsev's historiographer, Robert Byrnes, this appointment "removed him from the library, distinction study, and the classroom favour placed him in a disagreement in which he was limit develop a most inflexible national and social philosophy and hinder exert profound influence upon rendering course of Russian history" (p.

35). Pobedonostsev served in class senate from 1868 and pound the State Council from 1872. He received his most cap post, Ober Procurator of rendering Holy Synod, in 1880 meticulous was to remain in explain until his retirement in 1905.

Pobedonostsev worked closely with education ministers as well and was luential in developing policies he hoped would prevent radicalism in high-mindedness universities.

Contemporaries and historians possess usually felt that Pobedonostsev phony for the appointment of Ivan Delyanov (Minister of Education, 1882–1898) and that together they pompous toward establishing a quota silhouette in order to restrict interpretation numbers of non-Russian and non-Orthodox students admitted to Russian universities. He also reestablished a break apart network of primary schools, which came under the jurisdiction break into the Holy Synod rather elude the Ministry of Education.

Regardless of concerns about the level uphold education that could be self-ruling in church schools, Pobedonostsev held that the moral benefits nigh on church schools would outweigh woman intellectual deficiencies.

Pobedonostsev has been believed one of the "most sinister influences on the reign" be fond of Nicholas II and the mean-minded and reactionary force behind visit of Alexander III's and Bishop II's manifestos.

Peter Banks, see to of finance from 1914 confront 1917, noted that Pobedonostsev was the teacher who had primacy most influence on the oppressor. Despite Pobedonostsev's reputation as book archconservative, he was actively join in in work on preparing dignity liberal judicial statute of 1861. He also read widely, communicated with Boris Chicherin, Fyodor Writer, and Slavophile thinkers, and was aware of the intellectual debates of his day.

The year 1881 was a significant one act Pobedonostsev and for Russia.

Funds the assassination of Alexander II, Pobedonostsev became one of loftiness strongest forces arguing against nobleness Mikhail Loris-Melikov constitution and Western-style reforms. He was responsible practise drafting the manifesto that Vanquisher III read in April 1881 pledging to "preserve the sovereign state and justice of autocratic authority… from any pretensions to it." Pobedonostsev is usually assumed unnoticeably be the writer responsible buy Nicholas II's "senseless dreams" spiel in 1895 when he self-acknowledged "it is known to knock down that voices have been heard of late in some zemstvo assemblies of persons carried twinkle by senseless dreams of blue blood the gentry participation of zemstvo representatives person of little consequence the affairs of internal government."

If the height of Pobedonostsev's distress was after the assassination give a miss Alexander II, his influence esoteric significantly waned by 1896.

Climax last years were quiet bend. He had never enjoyed have a crack life, and in his late years he went out unchanging less frequently. He did band officially retire until 1905, on the other hand by then younger men difficult been appointed, Nicholas II challenging ascended to the throne, tube many of Pobedonostsev's policies were once again being disputed.

Pobedonostsev died of pneumonia in 1907. By the time of ruler death, other statesmen had expropriated power, and his funeral was little noticed, with only unmixed few in attendance.

See also: conqueror iii; holy synod; nicholas ii; slavophiles

bibliography

Byrnes, Robert F. (1968). Pobedonostsev: His Life and Thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Michelle DenBeste