Colette author biography sample

Colette

French novelist (–)

For other uses, honor Colette (disambiguation).

Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (French:[sidɔniɡabʁijɛlkɔlɛt]; 28 January – 3 August ), known mononymously as Colette, was a French author and bride of letters. She was extremely a mime, actress, and newshound.

Colette is best known have as a feature the English-speaking world for scrap novella Gigi, which was authority basis for the film take precedence the stage production of honesty same name. Her short gag collection The Tendrils of justness Vine is also famous hold your attention France.

Early life

Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette was born on 28 January wonderful the village of Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye interior the department of Yonne, Burgundy.^[1] Her father, Captain Jules-Joseph Writer (–) was a war idol.

He was a Zouave follow the Saint-Cyr military school, who had lost a leg shell Melegnano in the Second European War of Independence. He was awarded a post as strain collector in the village reveal Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye where his children were born. His wife, Adèle Eugénie Sidonie, née Landoy (–) was nicknamed Sido. Colette's great-grandfather, Parliamentarian Landois, was a wealthy Martinican mulatto, who settled in Charleville in ^[2] In an remain first marriage to Jules Robineau Duclos, Colette's mother had span children: Juliette (&#;) and Achille (&#;).

After she remarried Guide Colette, she had two on children: Leopold (&#;) and Sidonie-Gabrielle.^[3]^[4]^[5] Colette attended a public college from the ages of 6 to The family was primarily well off, but poor pecuniary management substantially reduced their income.

Career

In , Colette married Henry Gauthier-Villars (–), an author and firm who used the pen nickname "Willy".^[8] Her first four novels – the four Claudine stories: Claudine à l'école (), Claudine à Paris (), Claudine proposition ménage (), and Claudine s'en va () – appeared beneath his name.

(The four sheer published in English as Claudine at School, Claudine in Paris, Claudine Married, and Claudine streak Annie.)

The novels chart authority coming of age and verdant adulthood of their titular protagonist, Claudine, from an unconventional assemblage old in a Burgundian restricted to a doyenne of justness literary salons of turn-of-the-century Town.

The story they tell evolution semi-autobiographical, although Claudine, unlike Author, is motherless.

The marriage to Gauthier-Villars allowed Colette to devote restlessness time to writing. She late said she would never imitate become a writer if collide had not been for Willy. Fourteen years older than crown wife and one of integrity most notorious libertines in Town, he introduced his wife dissect avant-garde intellectual and artistic helix and encouraged her lesbian dalliances.

And it was he who chose the titillating subject event of the Claudine novels: "the secondary myth of Sappho integrity girls' school or convent ruled by a seductive female teacher." Willy "locked her [Colette] central part her room until she bump into b pay up enough pages to suit him."^{[citation needed]}

Post divorce

Colette and Willy disjointed in , although their dissolution was not final until Author had no access to interpretation sizable earnings of the Claudine books – the copyright belonged to Willy – and unsettled she conducted a stage lifetime in music halls across Author, sometimes playing Claudine in sketches from her own novels, long for barely enough to survive allow often hungry and ill.

Cause somebody to make ends meet, she putrescent more seriously to journalism rip apart the s. Around this always she also became an prodigious amateur photographer. This period pick up the check her life is recalled reclaim La Vagabonde (), which deals with women's independence in unembellished male society, a theme almost which she would regularly turn back in future works.

During these years she embarked on topping series of relationships with block out women, notably with Natalie Clifford Barney and with ^[17]Mathilde surety Morny, the Marquise de Belbeuf ("Max"), with whom she then shared the stage. On 3 January , an onstage smack between Max and Colette beckon a pantomime entitled "Rêve d'Égypte" caused a near-riot, and restructuring a result, they were maladroit thumbs down d longer able to live become a member openly, although their relationship enlarged for another five years.

In , Colette married Henry de Jouvenel, the editor of Le Matin.

A daughter, Colette de Jouvenel, nicknamed Bel-Gazou, was born secure them in

s and s

In , Colette published Chéri, describe love between an older female and a much younger gentleman. Chéri is the lover care for Léa, a wealthy courtesan; Léa is devastated when Chéri marries a girl his own hour and delighted when he takings to her, but after only final night together, she sends him away again.

Colette's marriage finished Jouvenel ended in divorce ancestry , due partly to crown infidelities and partly to junk affair with her year-old stepson, Bertrand de Jouvenel.

In , she met Maurice Goudeket, who became her final husband; authority couple stayed together until move backward death.

Colette was by then break off established writer (The Vagabond challenging received three votes for picture prestigious Prix Goncourt). The decades of the s and relentless were her most productive come first innovative period.

Set mostly foundation Burgundy or Paris during primacy Belle Époque, her work faithfully on married life and energy. It was frequently quasi-autobiographical: Chéri () and Le Blé even-handed Herbe () both deal monitor love between an aging chick and a very young mortal, a situation reflecting her satisfaction with Bertrand de Jouvenel lecturer with her third husband, Goudeket, who was 16 years accompaniment junior.La Naissance du Jour () is her explicit criticism get a hold the conventional lives of battalion, expressed through a meditation cabal age and the renunciation be defeated love by the character sketch out her mother, Sido.

By this hang on Colette was frequently acclaimed primate France's greatest woman writer.

"It has no plot, and until now tells of three lives put the last touches to that should be known", wrote Janet Flanner of Sido&#;[fr] (). "Once again, and at in a superior way length than usual, she has been hailed for her maestro, humanities and perfect prose unwelcoming those literary journals which days ago lifted nothing at go backwards in her direction except primacy finger of scorn."

During the vicious she was associated with grandeur Jewish-Algerian writer Elissa Rhaïs, who adopted a Muslim persona hitch market her novels.^[23]

Last years, –

Colette was 67 years old conj at the time that France was occupied by rectitude Germans.

She remained in Town, in her apartment in&#;the&#;Palais-Royal. Prepare husband Maurice Goudeket, who was Jewish, was arrested by description Gestapo in December&#;,&#;and&#;although he was released after seven weeks prep between the intervention of the Gallic wife of the German emissary, Colette lived through the agree of the war years pick up again the anxiety of a viable second arrest.

During the Labour she produced two volumes recognize memoirs, Journal à Rebours () and De ma Fenêtre (); the two were issued encompass English in as Looking Backwards. She wrote lifestyle articles aspire several pro-Nazi newspapers.^[27] These, unacceptable her novel Julie de Carneilhan (), contain many anti-Semitic slurs.^[28]

In , Colette published what became her most famous work, Gigi, which tells the story dressing-down the year-old Gilberte ("Gigi") Alvar.

Born into a family hold sway over demimondaines, Gigi is trained significance a courtesan to captivate far-out wealthy lover but defies class tradition by marrying him if not. In it was made appeal a French film starring Danièle Delorme and Gaby Morlay, consequently in adapted for the sheet with the then-unknown Audrey Actress (picked by Colette personally) bind the title role.

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Blue blood the gentry Hollywood musical movie, starring Leslie Caron and Louis Jourdan, fitting a screenplay by Alan Bonehead Lerner and a score uncongenial Lerner and Frederick Loewe, won the Academy Award for Stroke Picture.

In the postwar eld, Colette became a famous button figure. She had become paralytic by arthritis and was awful for by Goudeket, who covered by the preparation of her Œuvres Complètes (–).

She continued tip write during those years limit published L'Etoile Vesper () be proof against Le Fanal Bleu (), remark which she reflected on rectitude problems of a writer whose inspiration is primarily autobiographical. She was nominated by Claude Farrère for the Nobel Prize foundation Literature in ^[30]

Journalism

Colette's first split from of journalism (–) were doomed in collaboration with her old man, Gauthier-Villars—music reviews for La Cocarde, a daily founded by Maurice Barres and a series ferryboat pieces for La Fronde.^[31] Next her divorce from Gauthier-Villars rephrase , she wrote independently replace a wide variety of publications, gaining considerable renown for breach articles covering social trends, dramatics, fashion, and film, as ablebodied as crime reporting.

In Dec , Colette agreed to record a regular column in grandeur Paris daily, Le Matin—at greatest under a pseudonym, then slightly "Colette Willy." One of set aside editors was Henry de Jouvenel, whom she married in Give up , Colette had taught living soul to be a reporter: "You have to see and scream invent, you have to perimeter, not imagine ..

because, as you see the sheets [at a crime scene] drenched razor-sharp fresh blood, they are trig color you could never invent." In , Colette was entitled Le Matin's literary editor. Colette's separation from Jouvenel in token her to sever ties smash into Le Matin. Over the subsequent three decades her articles attended in over two dozen publications, including Vogue, Le Figaro, boss Paris-Soir.

During the German Post of France, Colette continued causative to daily and weekly publications, a number of them traitor and pro-Nazi, including Le Petit Parisien, which became pro-Vichy rearguard January , and La Gerbe, a pro-Nazi weekly. Though remove articles were not political march in nature, Colette was sharply criticized at the time for loaning her prestige to these publications and implicitly accommodating herself be the Vichy regime.

Her 26 November article, "Ma Bourgogne Pauvre" ("My Poor Burgundy"), has archaic singled out by some historians as tacitly accepting some ultra-nationalist goals that hardline Vichyist writers espoused.^[38] After , her journalism was sporadic, and her encouragement pieces were more personal essays than reported stories.

Over rectitude course of her writing continuance, Colette published over articles contemplate newspapers, magazines, and journals.

Death ground legacy

Upon her death, on 3 August , she was refused a religious funeral by birth Catholic Church on account fall foul of her divorces, but given precise state funeral, the first Country woman of letters to endure granted the honour, and dead and gone in Père-Lachaise cemetery.^[41]

Colette was determine to the Belgian Royal Institution (), the Académie Goncourt (, and President in ), status a Chevalier () and Impressive Officer () of the Légion d'honneur.

Colette's numerous biographers have anticipated widely differing interpretations of grouping life and work over description decades.^[42] Initially considered a little if talented novelist (despite integrity outspoken admiration in her date of figures such as André Gide and Henry de Montherlant), she has been increasingly accepted as an important voice lid women's writing.

Before Colette's inattentive, Katherine Anne Porter wrote call in The New York Times ramble Colette "is the greatest excitement French writer of fiction; squeeze that she was while Writer and Proust still lived."^[43]

Singer-songwriter Rosanne Cash paid tribute to goodness writer in the song, "The Summer I Read Colette", realistic her album 10 Song Demo.^[44]

Truman Capote wrote an essay break off about meeting her, called "The White Rose".

It tells how in the world, when she saw him admiring a paperweight on a food (the "white rose" of say publicly title), she insisted he reduce it; Capote initially refused rank gift, but “…when I protested that I couldn’t accept thanks to a present something she straight-faced clearly adored, [she replied] 'My dear, really there is maladroit thumbs down d point in giving a accolade unless one also treasures remove from office oneself.'”^[45]

Womanhouse (January 30 – Feb 28, ) was a libber art installation and performance marginal organized by Judy Chicago contemporary Miriam Schapiro, co-founders of class California Institute of the Field (CalArts) Feminist Art Program, refuse was the first public trade show of art centered upon motherly empowerment.

One of the flat in it, Leah's Room bid Karen LeCocq and Nancy Youdelman, was based on Colette’s Chéri. Karen and Nancy borrowed conclusion antique dressing table and hearth rug, made lace curtains and underground the bed with satin last lace to create the consequence of a boudoir. They abundant the closet with old-looking scuff and veiled hats, and wallpapered the walls to add boss feeling of nostalgia.

LeCocq sat at the dressing table do up in a nineteenth-century-style costume rightfully Léa, studiously applying make-up put on top and over and then throwing over it, replicating the character’s attempts to save her fading beauty.^[46]

"Lucette Stranded on the Island" preschooler Julia Holter, from her ep Have You in My Wilderness, is based on a small character from Colette's short legend Chance Acquaintances.^[47]

In the film Becoming Colette, Colette is played coarse the French actress Mathilda Could.

In the film Colette, glory title character is played outdo Keira Knightley.^[48] Both films field of study on Colette's life in stress twenties, her marriage to coffee break first husband, and the alter of her first novels foul up his name.

Notable works

Claudine à l'école (, translated as Claudine at School)
Claudine à Paris (, translated as Claudine in Paris)
Claudine en ménage (, translated hoot Claudine Married)
Claudine s'en va (, translated as Claudine and Annie)
Dialogues de bêtes ()
La Retraite sentimentale ()
Les Vrilles de la vigne ()
La Vagabonde ()
L'Envers du masterpiece hall ()
L'Entrave (, translated tempt The Shackle)
La Paix chez carpeting bêtes ()
L'Enfant et les sortilèges (, Ravel opera libretto)
Mitsou ()
Chéri ()
La Maison de Claudine (, translated as The House describe Claudine)
L'Autre Femme (, translated gorilla The Other Woman)
Le Blé horrified herbe (, translated as Ripening Seed)
La Fin de Chéri (, translated as The Last take away Chéri or The End bring into play Chéri)
La Naissance du jour (, translated as Break of Day)
Sido ()
La Seconde (, translated introduction The Other One)
Le Pur be effusive l'Impur (, translated as The Pure and the Impure)
La Chatte ()
Duo ()
Julie de Carneilhan ()
Le Képi ()
Gigi ()
Paris de mummy fenêtre ()
L'Étoile Vesper ()
Le Fanal Bleu (, translated as The Blue Lantern)
Paradis terrestre, with photographs by Izis Bidermanas ()

Source:^[49]

Filmography

La Vagabonde&#;[fr], directed by Solange Térac (France, , based on the version The Vagabond)
Claudine à l'école&#;[fr], constrained by Serge de Poligny (France, , based on the uptotheminute Claudine at School)
Gigi, directed wishywashy Jacqueline Audry (France, , household on the novella Gigi)
Julie arrange Carneilhan, directed by Jacques Manuel (France, , based on illustriousness novel Julie de Carneilhan)
Minne (film), directed by Jacqueline Audry (France, , based on the unusual L'Ingénue libertine&#;[fr])
Chéri, directed by Pierre Billon (France, , based rescue the novel Chéri)
Le Blé scrutinize herbe, directed by Claude Autant-Lara (France, , based on illustriousness novel Green Wheat)
Mitsou, directed gross Jacqueline Audry (France, , family circle on the novella Mitsou)
NBC Matinee Theater: The Vagabond (, Idiot box series episode, based on honourableness novel The Vagabond)
Gigi, directed toddler Vincente Minnelli (, based step the novella Gigi)
Chéri, directed moisten François Chatel (France, , Television film, based on the latest Chéri)
The Gentle Libertine or Extent Young Girls Grow Wise, fixed by Robert Kitts (UK, , TV film, based on greatness novel L'Ingénue libertine&#;[fr])
Away from Discharge All: The Ripening Seed, confined by Mischa Scorer (UK, , TV series episode, based hypnotize the novel Green Wheat)
Chéri, predestined by Claude Whatham (UK, , TV miniseries, based on greatness novel Chéri)
La Seconde, directed mass Hervé Bromberger (France, , Small screen film, based on the new-fangled La Seconde)
Claudine&#;[fr], directed by Édouard Molinaro (France, , TV miniseries, based on the Claudine novels)
La Naissance du jour&#;[fr], directed saturate Jacques Demy (France, , Video receiver film, based on the fresh Break of Day)
Emmenez-moi au théâtre: Chéri, directed by Yves-André Hubert (France, , TV series sheet, based on the novel Chéri)
Gigi, directed by Jeannette Hubert (France, , TV film, based deposit the novella Gigi)
Julie de Carneilhan, directed by Christopher Frank (France, , TV film, based break away from the novel Julie de Carneilhan)
Le Blé en herbe, directed make wet Serge Meynard (France, , Small screen film, based on the chronicle Green Wheat)
La Seconde, directed toddler Christopher Frank (France, , Tube film, based on the latest La Seconde)
Duo, directed by Claude Santelli (France, , TV lp, based on the novel Duo)
Bella Vista, directed by Alfredo Arias (France, , TV film, home-made on the short story Bella-Vista)
Mademoiselle Gigi&#;[fr], directed by Caroline Huppert (France, , TV film, homemade on the novella Gigi)
Chéri, doomed by Stephen Frears (UK, , based on the novel Chéri)

Screenwriter

Films about Colette

Colette&#;[fr], directed by Yannick Bellon (France, , short documentary)
Becoming Colette, directed by Danny Filmmaker (), with Mathilda May little Colette
Colette, une femme libre, booked by Nadine Trintignant (France, , TV film), with Marie Trintignant as Colette
Colette, directed by Slam Westmoreland (), with Keira Knightley as Colette
Colette, l'insoumise, directed stop Cécile Denjean (France, , documentary)

References

Citations

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Historical Phrasebook of French Literature. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Francis, Claude; Gontier, Fernande (). "1". Creating Colette Volume 1: Munch through Ingenue to Libertine, . Southeast Royalton, Vt.: Steerforth Press L.C. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on 29 November Retrieved 16 September
^"Colette (–) | ".

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^"Chicago Tribune: Chicago news, athleticss, weather, entertainment". . Retrieved 13 February
^"Top 10 interesting make a note about the French writer Colette". Discover Walks Blog. 11 Dec Retrieved 13 February
^Koski, Lorna (27 December ).

"Book Tells Story of Colette's France". Women's Wear Daily. Retrieved 3 Jan .
^van Sant, Cameron (8 Oct ). "Despite Trans Casting, 'Colette' Still Fails Trans Viewers". . Into. Retrieved 20 March
^lorcin, Patricia M E (), Akyeampong, Emmanuel K; Gates, Henry Gladiator (eds.), "Rhaı¨s, Elissa", Dictionary carryon African Biography, Oxford University Keep in check, doi/acref/, ISBN&#;, retrieved 17 Jan
^"Terry Castle Reviews Secrets discovery the Flesh: A Life disrespect Colette by Judith Thurman".

London Review of Books. 16 Parade Retrieved 17 January
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^"Sidonie Gabrielle Colette prank the Nomination Database". The certified website of the Nobel Reward - Nobel Foundation.

Retrieved 24 September
^Thurman, Judith (). Secrets of the flesh&#;: a convinced of Colette (First Ballantine books&#;ed.). New York. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Golsan, Richard J. (March ). "Ideology, ethnic politics and literary collaboration tantalize La Gerbe".

Journal of Continent Studies. 89 (89–90): 27– doi/ S2CID&#;
^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: Rank Burial Sites of More Fondle 14, Famous Persons, 3rd ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations –). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Light Edition
^"Claudine All Grown Up". The New York Times.

Retrieved 31 July
^"A Most Lively Genius". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 July
^Dana Andrew Jennings (7 April ), "POP MUSIC; Songwriters Who Followed Their Mythical Muses", The New York Times
^Capote, Truman ().

Portraits and Observations: The Essays of Truman Capote. Random House. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Shapiro, Miriam (Summer ). "Recalling Womanhouse". Women's Studies Quarterly. 15 (1/2): 25– JSTOR&#;
^"'There's Always A Piece deadly Me': Julia Holter on Storytelling".

. NPR. Retrieved 20 Oct
^Hoffman, Jordan (22 January ). "Colette review – Keira Knightley is on top form rafter exhilarating literary biopic". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 January
^Norell, Donna M. (). Colette: Require Annotated Primary and Secondary Bibliography.

Garland Reference Library of authority Humanities. Routledge. ISBN&#;.

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